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🌅 Buổi sáng (15-20 phút) — Từ vựng: Crime & Law
Hôm nay chúng ta học về tội phạm và pháp luật — chủ đề thường gặp trong IELTS Writing Task 2! ⚖️🔒
💡 Chưa biết đọc IPA? Tìm “IPA chart” trên Google để học cách đọc phiên âm quốc tế nhé!
📝 20 từ vựng hôm nay
| # | English | Phát âm (IPA) | Tiếng Việt | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crime | /kraɪm/ | tội phạm | Crime rates are increasing. |
| 2 | criminal | /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/ | tội phạm (người) | The criminal was caught by police. |
| 3 | law | /lɔː/ | luật pháp | Everyone must follow the law. |
| 4 | police | /pəˈliːs/ | cảnh sát | The police arrived quickly. |
| 5 | arrest | /əˈrest/ | bắt giữ | The man was arrested yesterday. |
| 6 | steal | /stiːl/ | ăn cắp | Someone stole my wallet. |
| 7 | thief | /θiːf/ | kẻ trộm | The thief ran away quickly. |
| 8 | robbery | /ˈrɒbəri/ | vụ cướp | There was a robbery at the bank. |
| 9 | murder | /ˈmɜːrdər/ | giết người | Murder is the most serious crime. |
| 10 | victim | /ˈvɪktɪm/ | nạn nhân | The victim was taken to hospital. |
| 11 | evidence | /ˈevɪdəns/ | bằng chứng | The police found important evidence. |
| 12 | witness | /ˈwɪtnəs/ | nhân chứng | A witness saw the accident. |
| 13 | trial | /ˈtraɪəl/ | phiên tòa | The trial will begin next week. |
| 14 | judge | /dʒʌdʒ/ | thẩm phán | The judge made a fair decision. |
| 15 | punishment | /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ | hình phạt | The punishment for theft is prison. |
| 16 | prison | /ˈprɪzən/ | nhà tù | He was sent to prison for five years. |
| 17 | innocent | /ˈɪnəsənt/ | vô tội | She was found innocent. |
| 18 | guilty | /ˈɡɪlti/ | có tội | The jury found him guilty. |
| 19 | fine | /faɪn/ | tiền phạt | He paid a fine for speeding. |
| 20 | safety | /ˈseɪfti/ | sự an toàn | Public safety is very important. |
✏️ Bài tập sáng
- Đọc to từng từ 3 lần, chú ý phát âm IPA
- Che cột Tiếng Việt, nhìn từ English → nhớ nghĩa
- Che cột English, nhìn Tiếng Việt → nhớ từ tiếng Anh
- Viết ra giấy 5 từ bạn thấy khó nhớ nhất
🌙 Buổi tối (40-60 phút) — Grammar: Non-defining Relative Clauses
📖 Non-defining Relative Clauses là gì?
Non-defining Relative Clauses (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) dùng để thêm thông tin phụ về danh từ — thông tin này có thể bỏ đi mà câu vẫn có nghĩa.
Luôn có dấu phẩy ngăn cách!
🔑 So sánh Defining vs Non-defining
| Defining | Non-defining | |
|---|---|---|
| Dấu phẩy | ❌ Không có | ✅ Có dấu phẩy |
| Bỏ được không? | ❌ Không (câu mất nghĩa) | ✅ Có thể bỏ |
| Dùng that? | ✅ Được | ❌ Không dùng that |
| Ví dụ | The man who stole the car was caught. | Mr. Smith, who is a judge, lives here. |
Cấu trúc
| Đại từ | Dùng cho | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| , who | người | My neighbour, who is a police officer, helped me. |
| , which | vật / ý tưởng | The new law, which was passed last year, reduced crime. |
| , where | nơi chốn | Tokyo, where I live, is very safe. |
| , whose | sở hữu | The judge, whose decision was fair, is well respected. |
⚠️ Lưu ý quan trọng:
- ❌ KHÔNG dùng that trong non-defining clauses
- ✅ The police officer, who caught the thief, was brave.
- ❌
The police officer, that caught the thief, was brave.
✏️ Bài tập 1: Thêm dấu phẩy vào vị trí đúng
- My father who is a lawyer works in the city centre.
- The new prison which was built last year is very modern.
- Officer Tanaka who caught the thief received an award.
- The courthouse where the trial took place is very old.
- The victim whose wallet was stolen reported to police.
✏️ Bài tập 2: Nối hai câu dùng Non-defining Relative Clause
- The judge made a fair decision. She has 20 years of experience.
- The new law reduced crime by 30%. It was introduced last year.
- My neighbourhood is very safe. I have lived there for five years.
- The police officer was very brave. His name is Yamada.
- The prison holds 500 inmates. It was built in 2010.
✏️ Bài tập 3: Chọn Defining hay Non-defining? Điền đúng
- The woman ______ reported the crime was very scared. (who / , who)
- Officer Lee ______ has worked here for 10 years is retiring. (, who / that)
- The law ______ protects children is very important. (which / , which)
- Tokyo ______ I was born is one of the safest cities. (where / , where)
- The criminal ______ stole the car was caught. (who / , who)
✅ Đáp án Bài tập 1
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | My father**,** who is a lawyer**,** works in the city centre. | Thông tin thêm về “my father” — đã xác định rồi |
| 2 | The new prison**,** which was built last year**,** is very modern. | Thông tin thêm về “the new prison” |
| 3 | Officer Tanaka**,** who caught the thief**,** received an award. | Tên riêng → luôn dùng non-defining |
| 4 | The courthouse**,** where the trial took place**,** is very old. | Thông tin thêm về nơi chốn đã xác định |
| 5 | Không thêm dấu phẩy — đây là defining clause | Cần xác định “which victim” |
✅ Đáp án Bài tập 2
| Câu | Đáp án |
|---|---|
| 1 | The judge, who has 20 years of experience, made a fair decision. |
| 2 | The new law, which was introduced last year, reduced crime by 30%. |
| 3 | My neighbourhood, where I have lived for five years, is very safe. |
| 4 | The police officer, whose name is Yamada, was very brave. |
| 5 | The prison, which was built in 2010, holds 500 inmates. |
✅ Đáp án Bài tập 3
| Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | who | Defining — cần xác định “which woman” |
| 2 | , who | Non-defining — Officer Lee đã xác định (tên riêng) |
| 3 | which | Defining — cần xác định “which law” |
| 4 | , where | Non-defining — Tokyo đã xác định (tên riêng) |
| 5 | who | Defining — cần xác định “which criminal” |
😴 Trước ngủ (10-15 phút) — Nghe + Đọc
🎧 Listening: Nghe BBC (5 phút)
👉 BBC Learning English - Is crime going up?
💡 Mẹo: Nghe lần 1 không nhìn text. Nghe lần 2 vừa nghe vừa đọc transcript.
📖 Reading: Đoạn đọc ngắn (5 phút)
Crime is a problem in many countries. The police, who work hard every day, try to keep people safe. When a criminal is caught, there is usually a trial in court.
During the trial, the judge listens to the evidence and witnesses. If the person is found guilty, they may receive a punishment such as prison or a fine. If they are innocent, they are free to go.
Public safety, which is everyone’s responsibility, can be improved through education and better laws.
(88 từ)
❓ Câu hỏi đọc hiểu
- What do the police try to do every day?
- What happens when a criminal is caught?
- What does the judge listen to during a trial?
- What happens if a person is found guilty?
- How can public safety be improved?
✅ Đáp án Reading
| Câu | Đáp án |
|---|---|
| 1 | They try to keep people safe. |
| 2 | There is usually a trial in court. |
| 3 | The judge listens to the evidence and witnesses. |
| 4 | They may receive a punishment such as prison or a fine. |
| 5 | Through education and better laws. |
🎯 Tổng kết Day 3
- Học 20 từ vựng Crime & Law
- Hiểu Non-defining Relative Clauses (, who…, , which…)
- Phân biệt Defining vs Non-defining
- Làm 3 bài tập ngữ pháp
- Đọc đoạn văn 88 từ + trả lời câu hỏi
- Nghe BBC Learning English 1 lần
🌟 Bạn đã biết cách thêm thông tin phụ bằng Non-defining Relative Clauses rồi! Rất hữu ích cho IELTS Writing đấy! ⚖️✨